Just How Important Is the Creative Class?

• July 17, 2012
• 4 Comments

by Shilpi Paul

DC’s LongView Gallery

New pop-up shops, cafes, art galleries and bicycle lanes in cities are lauded and certainly have intrinsic value, but do they lead to economic development?

In recent months, a slew of articles (in Salon, Createquity, The Baffler, to name a few) came out questioning the connection between the so-called “creative class” and a city’s prosperity, an idea made popular by Richard Florida’s The Rise of the Creative Class. If a city attracts creative types, the idea goes, the businesses will follow. (Florida defines the creative class as those working in fields like science, technology, and engineering; business, finance, and management; law, health care, and education; and arts, culture, media, and entertainment.)

Since the book’s publication a decade ago, some mayors and city planners who bought into the cause and effect relationship have actively tried to create space for artists and hipsters, hoping that they will see their city rise along with the influx of cool. However, while artist-friendly amenities add to the quality-of-life factor in many neighborhoods, depending on them to lead to prosperity has proven to be dangerous. Thomas Frank’s piece for The Baffler speaks of struggling small towns that spend their limited funds on arts festivals in an effort to attract young people.

“Go vibrant—and go for broke,” Frank warns, encouraging the towns to instead concentrate on limiting the number of big box stores and fighting corporate agriculture to encourage a stable economy. Even Florida, in his subsequent book The Flight of the Creative Class, admits that a growing creative class can increase economic inequality.

As Salon’s Will Doig points out, urbanists are reluctant to embark on critical conversations about the creative class. “There’s a concern, not often talked about, that some of this stuff — the streetcars, the pop-up cafes, the activated spaces, the “vibrancy” — is frivolous and insubstantial. But there’s rarely a real conversation about this, because it’s sort of a touchy subject.”

The organization Creative Class Struggle attempts to be a clearinghouse for all the research that challenges Florida’s theory, but it doesn’t seem to have been updated in a couple of years. An article in The American Prospect, “The Ruse of the Creative Class“ cites a widely-read academic paper, “Struggling with the Creative Class.”

Criticism from The Ruse of the Creative Class:

Conservatives have questioned Florida’s elevation of gay-friendliness as an economic driver and noted that, by some measures, yuppie idylls like San Francisco and Boston have lagged behind unhip, low-tax bastions like Houston and Charlotte, North Carolina. Liberal critics have noted that [Florida’s] creative hubs suffer high inequality, and argued that other cities should develop their own human capital — including that of the low-income minorities who have little place in Florida’s universe — instead of chasing a finite number of laptop professionals.

DC’s discussion surrounding the creative class always seemed slightly different. Though we were rated highly by Richard Florida, the large number of creative class workers may be more a function of DC’s high population of educated workers (another common critique of his theory), and residents seem to appreciate creative, cool developments for their own sake, rather than as an economic boon.

Still, the arts often come up in discussions surrounding neighborhood revitalization, and a conversation about the potential for creative class-style development to lead to greater income inequality seems like an important one for DC planners to have. According to a recent article in DC Intersections, community groups like ONE DC are attempting to to mitigate the potential inequity of developing neighborhoods. As organizer Dominic Moulden states in the piece, “The creative class should be be multi-class and multi-ethnic from the beginning.”

This article originally published at http://dc.urbanturf.com/articles/blog/just_how_important_is_the_creative_class/5773

4 Comments

1. Colin said at 3:29 pm on Tuesday July 17, 2012:

   Florida gets the causation backwards: the arty types are a sympton, not the cause, of a region’s prosperity. NYC would have fewer of these types without the wealth of the private sector to support it. Ditto SF and the nearby wealth of silicon valley.

1. H Street Landlord said at 6:59 pm on Tuesday July 17, 2012:

   Houston doesn’t have hip, gay neighborhoods now?

   Houston isn’t densifying?

   Houston isn’t investing in transit and doesn’t use a ton of wind power?

   Conservatives need to get their arguments straight.

1. H Street Landlord said at 7:14 pm on Tuesday July 17, 2012:

   Forgot to mention Houston was the first big city with an openly gay mayor.

   Plus they are building three of those “frivolous” streetcar/light rail lines right now to complement the one they already have in service.

1. Ian David Moss said at 11:46 pm on Tuesday July 17, 2012:

   Thanks for linking to my “Creative Placemaking Has an Outcomes Problem” article on Createquity, Shilpi. I think it’s important to make a distinction between Richard Florida’s creative class theory and current efforts by the National Endowment for the Arts and others to support economic development strategies through the arts. The two approaches are based on distinct, though related, theoretical foundations. In addition, some of the criticism currently being leveled at Florida has flaws of its own. Your readers might be interested in an article I published today that tries to untangle some of these issues: http://createquity.com/2012/07/richard-florida-redux-and-the-creative-placemaking-backlash.html

Join the discussion